aldehyde glutathione Acetaldehyde-modified-cystine as an enhanced fluorescent probe for intracellular imaging Highly selective fluorescent recognition of

(2015), BioMed Research International 2015:648108, PubMed 26236730 Statistics from research literature Discovered by Loren Pickart in human blood plasma in 1973 , as a factor extending the longevity of cultured liver cells The smallest peptide with documented pharmacological activity: 3 amino acids (Gly-His-Lys) + one Cu ion Molecular weight: 402 Da EU cosmetic INCI name: Copper Tripeptide-1 (registered in EU Commission CosIng database) Gene expression modulation: 4 000 human genes (Connectivity Map dataset, Pickart 2015) Plasma level in healthy humans declines from ~200 ng/mL at age 20 to ~80 ng/mL at age 60 (62 % decrease) Most-studied bioactivities: fibroblast proliferation , type I/III collagen synthesis , antioxidant activity (SOD upregulation) Reference sources (PubMed) Pickart L., Vasquez-Soltero JM., Margolina A

Cellular Protection As a powerful antioxidant, glutathione protects cells from oxidative damage, which can lead to chronic diseases and accelerated aging

This "substituent effect" is general for dienes and trienes, and is even more pronounced for enone chromophores

Sci Adv 1

Studies have demonstrated the importance of telomerase and telomeres in slowing down the aging process, and Epitalon has been shown to increase telomerase production, resulting in stronger and longer telomeres