glutathione conjugates reaction 14 Formation of a reactive metabolite by conjugation Glutathione-Mediated Conjugation of Anticancer Drugs:

doi: 10.1111/ijd.13585

This model involves the activation of innate immune cells within the brain, but T and B lymphocytes do not play a central role (Wolf, 2018), thereby distinguishing it from other MS models that involve the adaptive immune system, such as Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE), Theilers Murine Encephalopathy Virus (TMEV), and other viral models of MS (Dedoni, 2023)

This single event triggers three major downstream signaling pathways that collectively govern neuronal health: the MAPK/ERK pathway, the PI3K/Akt pathway, and the PLCgamma pathway

doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2007.02276.x

Kim BE, Nevitt T, Thiele DJ (2008) Mechanisms for copper acquisition, distribution and regulation