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That was a very interesting finding given that in 2021 Wirth and Scheibenbogen proposed that increased mitochondrial levels of calcium were a core factor in ME/CFS

The R-isomer is the naturally occurring, biologically active form

Researchers isolated six nanoparticle fractions (F1-F6) with sizes ranging from 57 to 300 nm from BLGD

Vitam Horm (2019) 110:14356

Abbreviations 4-HNE: 4-Hydroxynonenal 8-isoPGF2: 8-Iso-prostaglandin F2 ABTS: 2,2-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) Ascorbic A.: Ascorbic acid BPE: Bovine pituitary extract CAT: Catalase CE: Capillary electrophoresis COX: Cyclooxygenase Cu/Zn-SOD: Superoxide dismutase DMEM: Dulbeccos modified eagle medium DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase FBS: Fetal bovine serum FRAP: Ferric reducing activity of plasma GC: Gas chromatography GSH: Glutathione GSH-Px: Glutathione peroxidase GSSG-R: Glutathione reductase hEGF: Human epidermal growth factor HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography IL: Interleukin LC: Liquid chromatography LDL: Lipoprotein LOX: Lipoxygenase MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase MRM: Multiple reaction monitoring mode MS: Mass spectrometry MTT: Methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide NFB: Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells NOX: NADPH oxidase Nrf2: Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline ROS: Reactive oxygen species SIM: Selected ion monitoring mode SRB: Sulforhodamine B TEAC: Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity TGF: Transforming grown factor TPTZ: 2,4,6-Tripyridyl- S -triazine Trx: Thioredoxin TrxR: Thioredoxin reductase UPLC: Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography XO: Xanthine oxidase References Aebi H (1984) Catalase in vitro