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Abbreviations AIT: Autoimmune thyroiditis CAT: Catalase DIOs: Deiodinases DIO1: Deiodinase type 1 DIO2: Deiodinase type 2 DMGDH: Dimethylglycine dehydrogenase DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid DUOX: Dual oxidases EnGioI: Young Italian Endocrinologists Group - EnGioI ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase FT4: Free thyroxine GSR: Glutathione reductase GPXs: Glutathione peroxidases GPX1: Glutathione peroxidase 1 HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus H2O2: Hydrogen peroxide H2Se: Selenide IL-1: Interleukin 1 IL-6: Interleukin 6 INMT: Indolethylamine N-methyltransferase gene mRNA: Messenger RNA Met-tRNA: Methionine-translation ribonucleic acid NADPH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate OS: Oxidative stress O2 : Oxygen 02 * : Superoxide radical PI3K/AKT: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase activation PP: Postpartum RCTs: Randomized control trials ROS: Free radical oxygen species rT3: Reversing triiodothyronine Se: Selenium SeCyS: Selenocysteine SECISBP2: Selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) binding protein 2 3 SeMet: Selenomethionine SELENOK: Selenoprotein K SELENOL: Selenoprotein L SELENON: Selenoprotein N SELENOP: Selenoprotein P SELENOS: Selenoprotein S sFlt-1: Soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 SOD: Superoxide dismutase T3: Triiodothyronine T4: Thyroxine Tg: Thyroglobulin TGAb: Thyroglobulin antibodies TH: Thyroid hormone TNF: Tumor necrotic factor TPOAb: Thyroid peroxidase antibodies TRXR: Thioredoxin reductases TSH: Thyroid-stimulating hormone References Kryukov GV, Castellano S, Novoselov SV, Lobanov AV, Zehtab O, Guig R, Gladyshev VN

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In addition to Th1 cells, Th17 lymphocytes have emerged as crucial contributors to HT pathogenesis

It does this by blocking the enzyme tyrosinase, which is involved in melanin production